Five Separate Interlocking Approaches
Because man’s mind is not capable of retaining and cross-referencing all of the passages in the Scriptures, study which examines one book of the Bible at a time is somewhat fruitless. How can one be certain that conclusions are correct on any question unless he has examined ALL that the whole Bible says relative to that question? After all, if the Bible is the Word of God, its testimony on a given subject should be consistent and revealing from Genesis through Revelation.
In order to know ALL that the Bible says on a given subject, therefore, it becomes necessary to study a single TOPIC at a time. The study of many topics, one at a time, then, can be carefully molded into a larger, comprehensive picture of what the Bible is about.
The first of the five important methods of study, therefore, must be the examination of one topic at a time.
Method One – Exhaustive Topical Examination
Examination of every Scripture on a single subject was once an impossibility. Now it is relatively easily accomplished. The necessary help is available in either of two large books:
STRONG’S EXHAUSTIVE CONCORDANCE and
YOUNG’S ANALYTICAL CONCORDANCE
Each of these books lists every word in the King James translation of the Bible, sometimes called the Authorized Version. Also listed are the Hebrew and Greek words from which they come (with definitions) and other ways in which these same words are translated. Libraries and good bookstores regularly have copies of Strong’s and Young’s Concordances.*
As an example of the kinds of benefits reaped from exhaustive topical comparison, note what happens when the traditionally controversial subject of hell is examined. On the page opposite is the listing of “hell” as found in Strong’s Concordance.
Note immediately that every occurrence of hell in the Old Testament is a translation of a single Hebrew word (sheol) as represented by number 7585 in the right-hand column. Note the definition as reproduced from the lexicon of Strong’s Concordance shown on page 11.
Exhaustive Concordances are now available for a number of translations and are also available for computer and other electronic devices. Some newer versions have been abridged and are therefore missing some important information. Be sure to obtain an “unabridged version” to make the most of your studies.
Following the colon and dash (:-), Strong’s Concordance lists the other ways that this same Hebrew word (sheol) is translated in the King James version. It is interesting to learn that the translators occasionally rendered this word “grave” and “pit.” Finding this information, it is now important to look up grave and pit to see the Scriptural usage of these words since they are still a definite part of our topical study on hell.
Strong’s Concordance lists the usages of grave and pit as follows: [look for number 7585]
Look in the right-hand column for number 7585. (This, remember, means that the Hebrew word sheol is the word being used.) This reveals the interesting fact that good men expected to go to hell! Genesis 37:35 shows that Jacob expected to go there and that he thought his favorite son was there! Job 14:13 shows that Job actually prayed to go to hell to escape God’s wrath!
Is the value of this kind of study becoming clear? Without pursuing the matter further, it should be becoming clear that the teaching of hell as a place of eternal torment is contrary to the Scriptures — when they are studied exhaustively and impartially!
If this matter is studied to its logical conclusion, it will be found that the word “oblivion” is the best synonym for the Hebrew word sheol and its Greek (New Testament) counterpart, hades. Hell is not eternal torment; it is oblivion. It is not only for the wicked; it is also for the good. It is not permanent; it is a temporary oblivion, or non-existence, or death- state. (For a detailed examination of every Scripture on Hell, see our publication Where are the Dead? offered on page 36) It is interesting to note that such an old and large denomination as the Church of England has recently accepted the validity of this definition of hell.
Another Example
Arranged below are three columns of Scriptures which contain the word “earth.” These samplings are purposely listed in three columns to point out the seeming contradictions. One column contains Scriptures which state that the earth will be destroyed. The second column contains texts which show that the earth will not be destroyed. The last column entries imply that there will be a new earth. Read these texts before proceeding:
This listing is still based on the idea that an examination by TOPIC is of foremost importance. From this chart, however, it is clear that topical study by itself is not always adequate to eliminate contradiction. Note the importance of two more methods of Scripture study: study of Symbolic Language and study by Time Frame.
Method Two – Study of Symbolic Language
It is clear that a literal interpretation of the foregoing texts about the earth results only in confusion and contradiction. When topical study by itself does not clear up interpretation, it becomes necessary to discover the presence of symbolic meaning in the words being used. How is this done?
Perhaps the first test is to apply the obvious possibilities to all of the texts involved. In this case (with the word earth), suppose:
♦ All words “earth” suggesting good things must be symbolic of heaven.
♦ All words “earth” suggesting bad things must be literal and really mean the earth.
If this doesn’t work (and it doesn’t), try the opposite:
♦ All words “earth” suggesting good things must be literal and really mean the earth.
♦ All words “earth” suggesting bad things must be symbolic and must mean something else.
This does work. Then, a diligent comparison of prophetic texts containing the word “earth” used symbolically reveals that its symbolic meaning is “the political-social order.” Once the correct symbolism is found, it always works. This is, indeed, a comforting reassurance of the accuracy of interpretation.
To show the richness of the information found by utilization of proper symbolisms, it will be beneficial to examine 2 Peter 3 which makes multiple use of this word “earth.”
In this chapter, Peter makes reference to:
♦ the “world that then was” (vs. 6)
♦ “the heavens and the earth which are now” (vs. 7)
♦ and “a new heavens and a new earth wherein dwelleth righteousness” (vs. 13)
Peter here introduces words which we have not yet considered, and the careful student will submit these words — world, heaven, fire — also to exhaustive topical investigation.
Our conclusions, based on the topical and symbolic study methods, clarify this chapter easily:
The “world (political-social order) that then was (before the flood) perished.” (But the literal earth itself remains.) Peter, as he continues, wishes to differentiate between rulers and the ruled and, hence, divides the symbolic “world” into “heaven” (the ruling powers) and “earth” (the social order). Thus “the heavens and the earth (entire political-social arrangement) which are now (ever since the flood) are reserved unto fire (destruction — of the order, not the people: the earth still remains). Nevertheless, we, according to His promise, look for a new heavens (new government ruled by Christ) and a new earth (social arrangement) wherein dwelleth righteousness.” 2 Peter 3:6, 7, 13
Now (with the proper symbols to eradicate contradictions) the promises of the Bible relative to the earth take on new meaning:
♦ The meek shall inherit the earth. (Matthew 5:5)
♦ Thy will be done in earth. (Matthew 6:10)
♦ On earth peace, good will toward men. (Luke 2:14)
♦ The earth abideth forever. (Ecclesiastes 1:4)
The Bible tells a comprehensive picture without contradiction. Though it seemed to say both that the earth would be destroyed and that the earth would not be destroyed, a careful study shows that it was cleverly telling a consistent story. It was using the kind of symbolism President Woodrow Wilson used in World War I when he stated, “The world is on fire!” What he meant was easily understood. The Bible symbolism is just as obvious if it is not approached with preconceptions.
Method Three: Study of Time Frame
This third chapter of Peter’s second epistle gives an interesting clue about efficient Bible study. We can diagram Peter’s reference to the three worlds thus:
This basic division of man’s history into three parts helps in resolving difficulties in texts not clarified by topical or symbolic investigation (the first two study methods).
As an example, note the words of Paul in 2 Corinthians 12:1-4. He was caught up into the “third heaven” — an arrangement which he characterizes as “paradise.” Paul was not seeing heaven in three layers, but was manifestly seeing, as Peter saw, a third period in man’s history under the perfect government (heaven) of Christ (Isaiah 9:6). How beautifully the Bible is its own interpreter!
Further Time Divisions
As the three “worlds” clarify some texts, a more detailed division of time helps the understanding of other Scriptures. For instance, divide the “heavens and earth that are now” (the second world) into three ages based on Scriptural history. One period, from the flood to the death of Jacob, sees God dealing with the Patriarchs — men like Noah, Shem, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob — whose descendants became the Jewish nation. The next Scriptural division of time is the period during which God deals exclusively with Israel (Amos 3:2). Following the rejection of Israel (Matthew 23:38) is the age of Christianity. To diagram these three time divisions, see the chart opposite (page 21). Added to the time-frame chart is the 1,000-year period which apparently begins the “new heavens and new earth wherein dwelleth righteousness.” This 1,000-year age is based on Revelation 20 and 2 Peter 3. This timeframe chart can become a cherished possession. It will clarify many Scriptures and seeming contradictions. Study reveals that some Scriptures apply only during certain periods of time. Attempting to apply them at the wrong time results in the age-old confusion and contradiction which cannot be a part of a Bible which is truly God’s Word.
Example of Age-Restricted Verses
One example of a text which is applicable only during a specific period of time is John 12:47. In it the Lord states that anyone not believing him would not be subject to judgment — that his judgment would be for a later age. This verse applies only to the Christian Age. A comparison with Acts 3:20-23 readily shows that conditions of judgment will change when the 1,000-year age of Christ’s second advent is in operation. At that time the rule is “every soul which will not hear that prophet shall be destroyed from among the people.” These two texts would be at odds with each other without a time-frame reference for each. Thus, this chart dispels all contradiction and adds greatly to the understanding of the progress of God’s plan for man.
Method Four – The Importance of Context
The fourth rule for successful Bible study is the necessity for considering context — large context and small context. 1 Timothy 4:10 is an example for developing this rule of study.
In this text Paul tells us that God “is the Savior of all men, specially of those that believe.” It is manifest from this Scripture that there is more than one salvation. Therefore, all texts mentioning salvation cannot be lumped together, but must, by context, be divided into groupings dependent upon which salvation is meant.
A topical study of resurrection yields some additional help in this matter.
Note:
♦ Revelation 20:6 speaks of a “first resurrection.”
♦ Hebrews 11:35 speaks of a “better resurrection.”
♦ Acts 24:15 speaks of a resurrection even of the unjust.
These are in obvious agreement with 1 Timothy 4:10 when it states that there is more than one salvation.
To simplify the matter greatly, summarize salvation into two major divisions based on 1 Timothy 4:10:
♦ the world of mankind — “savior of all men”
♦ the church — “specially of those that believe.”
The contexts of Scripture can be studied more carefully when the two salvations are recognized. For instance, most of the epistles of the New Testament are clearly addressed “to the saints . . .” (the church). Therefore, to apply the laws, promises, admonitions, warnings, etc., contained in these epistles to everyone in the world is folly. The world are those who “believe not” and are, therefore, not now under judgment as learned from John 12:47. This eliminates many problems. This is an example of large context.
Small context is a simpler matter. Even though the epistles are written to the church, they contain references to those not in the church. A few verses before and after any text under consideration should clearly indicate if an interpretation makes contextual sense.
Finer Distinctions in Context
In some cases a seemingly definitive Scripture is not really as complete as it might seem. Note Matthew 7:13, 14 as an example. This text on the surface implies that there are only two paths open to men: a broad road to destruction (affecting the majority), and a difficult road to life (affecting merely a few).
This is in disharmony with other texts already examined. God is not the Savior of a few and loser of all others! Why, then, does this text not mention the fact that there will ultimately be an easy road — a highway — when all men (even fools) will be able to make it, as Isaiah describes in 35:8-10?
This problem is not uncommon. The Scriptures often make mention of only a part of God’s plan because a specific point is being made.
In Matthew 7:13, 14 the context shows that the Lord is speaking to those following him. He is pointing out to them that their choice then (at the beginning of the Christian age), was either to follow him as believers (and thus be heirs of the special salvation), or to follow the path of the rest of the world as they had been doing. That choice would merely result in their destruction, as it would have had they never heard of Jesus. They were already doomed to destruction as are all men since Adam. But Jesus was in no way saying that this was their last opportunity for choice! No, not at all. As shown in John 12:47, 48, if any man did not believe (during the Christian Age), he was not under judgment; his judgment was reserved for a later date — for the 1,000 years of Christ’s Kingdom — for the highway that will lead to holiness at that time.
These fine distinctions in context demonstrate the importance of applying all of the methods of study available — not relying upon one or two. Each serves as a cross-check for the other.
A more complete visual aid is obtained if we add to the chart the “three roads” from the Scriptures just examined. (See chart opposite, page 25) This shows that large context “secret” of the Bible: There is more than one salvation. Not all men travel the same road! All roads do not lead to the same place. All roads are not open at the same time.
The broad road of Matthew 7 has existed since Adam plummeted to it when he disobeyed. The narrow and difficult road for the true Christian, leading ultimately to life as spiritual beings, has existed only since the cross. Thus the Christian receives his lifting up out of the broad way before the rest of men. But in the 1,000-year Kingdom of Christ, the highway (Isaiah 35) will be opened and will bring up from destruction the rest of mankind so that they, too, can learn righteousness. God “is the Savior of all men (on earth) — specially (in heaven) of those that believe.” Thus, in the end, His will shall “be done in earth as it is in heaven.”
Method Five – Study by Type and Antitype
One final method of Biblical investigation must be mentioned at least briefly. In the Old Testament are many events which actually happened but which have significance above and beyond their original import. For example:
Exodus describes the institution of the Passover which involved the slaying of a lamb, the deliverance of the firstborn at night, and the deliverance of the rest of the people in the morning. The miracle would have been great in itself. But in 1 Corinthians 5:7 Paul states, “Christ, our Passover, is sacrificed for us,” indicating that God meant to make an informative picture of the Passover event. This conclusion is further corroborated by the Scriptural references to Jesus as “the Lamb of God.”
A careful consideration of this Passover type and its symbols indicates a remarkable correspondency with what has been demonstrated in the application of the other four methods of study. Jesus (the lamb) dies. His death saves the firstborn (the church) during the night (the Christian Age). The rest of the world are saved in the morning (the 1,000 years) from the enslavement under sin (represented by Pharoah’s enslavement of Israel).
This subject of typical/antitypical relationships opens whole new concepts in Bible study!
A Review
Five methods of Bible study have been briefly examined:
- Study by complete topical investigation.
- Study of symbolic versus literal statement.
- Study of time-frame placement of Scripture.
- Study considering large and small context.
- Study of typical-antitypical relationships.
Any one of these methods is helpful. No one of these methods is complete. All taken together will result in Biblical interpretation entirely free from self-imposed prejudice, preference, etc. The Bible will become reasonable, consistent, adequate, and inspiring: The Word of God.
If the student will approach the Bible honestly, it will change his mind — and his heart. It is well worth such an honest approach.
In the next chapter is a brief outline of God’s plan as revealed by the foregoing methods of study. It is recommended as the most sublime philosophy ever spoken among men. It is boldly suggested as uncontestable — provable point by point by the Scriptures and in contradiction to no text in the Bible. In short, it is too good not to be true.
Messengers to the Church
One of the greatest aids to Bible study is the help received from teachers which God has used from time to time. (Ephesians 4:11; 1 Corinthians 12:28; Revelation 2:1, 8, 12, 18; 3:1, 7, 14) Among these are such men as Arius, Waldo, Wycliffe, Luther, and Russell. Each brought to light at least one Scripturally- documented major truth.—Ephesians 4:8, 1 , 12
Excellent teachers are an asset, and the student who profits from the teachers’ experiences can avoid much stumbling through the Bible. This does not, of course, relieve each individual of the responsibility of proving all things (1 Thessalonians 5:21) with careful and complete study techniques such as are outlined in this chapter of the booklet.
Because good teachers are an asset, the next chapter purposes to present an in-a-nutshell summary of the best thoughts of these teachers. This summary is in the form of an explanation of what God started out to do, what He is now doing, and what will be the ultimate result of His plan for man. This epitome of the contents of the Bible is in harmony with the results of careful study as previously outlined. Detailed explanations of this plan and its parts are available in the book The Divine Plan of the Ages offered on page 36.